Texas cichlids are known for their vibrant coloration, aggressive temperament, and large size. They are native to the Rio Grande basin in Texas and northeastern Mexico. Adult males can reach 12 inches in length and develop a distinctive nuchal hump on their head. Females are typically smaller, around 8 inches, and may have more black markings, especially during breeding. Their base color is often a pearly gray, with iridescent blue or green scales and spots. They also exhibit vertical black bars and dark blotches along the body.